Steps to reproduce the issue

Add new access level Test
Add content category TestCat with access level Test
Add article TestArticle with category TestCat and eccess level Test
Go to Content - Articles
Click Search Tools, cursor to Select Category

Expected result

All categories in Select Category (I'm super admin)

Actual result

Only categories with access level Public

System information (as much as possible)

Joomla! 3.9.14
PHP 7.2

Additional comments

For category TestCat permissions for super users - all allowed