work for @infograf768 ?
?

I can confirm the problem on Joomla! 3.7.0-RC2 (nightly Build)

I think you need to add in the "Steps to reproduce the issue" enable Debug Language in global configuration

Interesting...
You will remark that we do now get the correct ?? when the ini file does not exist at all grace to my PR #14801
i.e.

But not for the admin menu where the alias set in the db ( https://github.com/joomla/joomla-cms/blob/staging/administrator/components/com_admin/script.php#L143) created by the script is used.

Let's see what we can do.

Looks like it is due to the /administrator/modules/mod_menu/helper.php

If I change to

					if (!JFactory::getConfig()->get('debug_lang'))
					{
						$component->text = $lang->hasKey($component->title) ? JText::_($component->title) : $component->alias;
					}
					else
					{
						$component->text = $lang->hasKey($component->title) ? JText::_($component->title) : JText::_(strtoupper($component->element));
					}

I would get:

Would that be satisfactory?

or we could use JText::_(strtoupper($component->alias)) instead of element

Thanks @infograf768 i have done a PR #15231 which just uses the magic in Joomla. As there is no fallback needed ;)

Closing here.