Steps to reproduce the issue

I try follow #41446 on my ubuntu server 22.04 server.

# create db
$ mysql -h localhost -u root -p
CREATE DATABASE `joo5` DEFAULT COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
CREATE USER 'rabidgrowth'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY "RM835gXVzT5H2vqPgwmszKPP";
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `joo5`.* TO 'rabidgrowth'@'localhost';

# try install joomla5
$ cd /opt/joomla5
$ tar xf ~/Downloads/Joomla_5.0.0-rc2-Release_Candidate-Full_Package.tar.bz2
$ cd installation
$ php joomla.php install --site-name="Joomla 5" --admin-user="Rabid Growth" --admin-username=rabidgrowth --admin-password="j8n9U5vNYWhfG6vnkNDjLWkn" --admin-email="rabidgrowth@mustafar.local" --db-type=mysql --db-encryption=0 --db-host=localhost --db-user=rabidgrowth --db-pass="RM835gXVzT5H2vqPgwmszKPP" --db-name=joo5 --db-prefix=joo5_ --public-folder=/var/www/jbeta -vvv

Expected result

He installs.

Actual result

He does not install.

Install Joomla
==============

Checking system requirements...OK
Collecting configuration...OK
Validating DB connection...OK
Creating and populating the database...OK
Writing configuration.php and additional setup ...OK
Creating the public folder...
In MysqliDriver.php line 285:
                                                                  
  [mysqli_sql_exception (1045)]                                   
  Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)  
                                                                  

Exception trace:
  at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:285
 mysqli->real_connect() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/Mysqli/MysqliDriver.php:285
 Joomla\Database\Mysqli\MysqliDriver->connect() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/database/src/DatabaseDriver.php:1745
 Joomla\Database\DatabaseDriver->setQuery() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/Access/Access.php:952
 Joomla\CMS\Access\Access::getAuthorisedViewLevels() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/User/User.php:474
 Joomla\CMS\User\User->getAuthorisedViewLevels() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:258
 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::load() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:109
 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::getPlugin() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/Plugin/PluginHelper.php:144
 Joomla\CMS\Plugin\PluginHelper::isEnabled() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/src/Helper/PublicFolderGeneratorHelper.php:169
 Joomla\CMS\Helper\PublicFolderGeneratorHelper->createPublicFolder() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/installation/src/Console/InstallCommand.php:187
 Joomla\CMS\Installation\Console\InstallCommand->doExecute() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/console/src/Command/AbstractCommand.php:234
 Joomla\Console\Command\AbstractCommand->execute() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/console/src/Application.php:1083
 Joomla\Console\Application->runCommand() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/console/src/Application.php:374
 Joomla\Console\Application->doExecute() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/libraries/vendor/joomla/console/src/Application.php:413
 Joomla\Console\Application->execute() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/installation/includes/cli.php:68
 require_once() at /opt/joomla5/_hidden/jbeta/installation/joomla.php:39

install [--site-name SITE-NAME] [--admin-user ADMIN-USER] [--admin-username ADMIN-USERNAME] [--admin-password ADMIN-PASSWORD] [--admin-email ADMIN-EMAIL] [--db-type DB-TYPE] [--db-host DB-HOST] [--db-user DB-USER] [--db-pass [DB-PASS]] [--db-name DB-NAME] [--db-prefix DB-PREFIX] [--db-encryption DB-ENCRYPTION] [--db-sslkey [DB-SSLKEY]] [--db-sslcert [DB-SSLCERT]] [--db-sslverifyservercert [DB-SSLVERIFYSERVERCERT]] [--db-sslca [DB-SSLCA]] [--db-sslcipher [DB-SSLCIPHER]] [--public-folder [PUBLIC-FOLDER]] [-h|--help] [-q|--quiet] [-v|vv|vvv|--verbose] [-V|--version] [--ansi] [--no-ansi] [-n|--no-interaction] [--] <command>

System information (as much as possible)

Ubuntu Server 22.04, Apache 2.4, MySQL 8.0, PHP 8.2

Additional comments

Problem says is in libraries/src/Helper/PublicFolderGeneratorHelper.php:169. Yes, he tries load plugins from uninstalled site! I fix it with

        if (!defined('_JCLI_INSTALLATION') && PluginHelper::isEnabled('filesystem', 'local')) {
            $local = PluginHelper::getPlugin('filesystem', 'local');
            $localDirectories = (new Registry($local->params))->get(
                'directories',
                [(object)['directory' => 'images']]
            );

            foreach ($localDirectories as $localDirectory) {
                if (!is_link($destinationPath . '/' . $localDirectory->directory)) {
                    $this->createSymlink(
                        $root . $localDirectory->directory,
                        $destinationPath . $localDirectory->directory,
                        JPATH_ROOT . '/'
                    );
                }
            }
        }

Not see "OK", "Joomla has been installed" messeges. But site loads after command. May be good is the fix? Hope this is helpful for you.